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The role primarily responsible for ensuring the protection and security of personal data in accordance with various laws is the data controller. The data controller is an organization or individual that determines the purposes and means of processing personal data. This position carries the legal obligation to comply with data protection regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which emphasizes accountability and the protection of individuals' personal information.

The data custodian may manage and protect the data but does not hold the same legal responsibilities concerning data protection compliance. Similarly, the data processor processes data on behalf of the data controller and is subject to contractual obligations but does not make decisions regarding data processing. The data subject is the individual whose personal data is being processed and does not hold any responsibility for data protection compliance. Therefore, the data controller is distinctively positioned as the responsible entity for ensuring personal data is protected according to applicable laws.